Exploring Surrealism In Fashion Fashion Essay

Investigating Surrealism In Fashion Essay You just need to take a look at todays catwalks and design magazines to see the unquestionable characteristics of Surrealism in style. How is it then that a craftsmanship at first made out of ideas and words and in this manner of pictures produced in the complexities of the acumen and subliminal creative mind (Martin 1987, p. 9) would produce such an amicable relationship with style? In an offer to respond to this inquiry this proposition will research the causes of Surrealism in design and its suffering impacts on the style business right up 'til the present time. So as to see how a perfect established on political responses would discover its way into the marvelousness and realism of design, we will right off the bat start with a concise investigation of Surrealism and the fundamental belief systems of the developments. This exposition will feature the key strides in the movement of the Surrealist development from its establishing attaches through to its indication in its most usually perceived structure, workmanship. After having finished an audit on the key qualities of Surrealist belief system we will at that point investigate how every one of these attributes has been communicated through style. In spite of the fact that surrealisms establishing fathers would not have worried about the clothing of their development, the figurative and significant properties of design made a characteristic road for the declaration of surrealist thoughts (Martin 1987). No examination on Surrealism in design would be finished without notice of its spearheading first woman, Elsa Schiaparelli. This paper will contain a contextual analysis on the life and works of Schiaparelli, concentrating explicitly on how she drove the route in consolidating craftsmanship with style by presenting Surrealist thoughts in her plans. Her joint efforts with craftsmen, for example, Salvador Dali, Man Ray and Jean Cocteau stunned the design business with its creativity and style. An ensuing contextual analysis on Viktor Rolf will inspect the commitment of Surrealism in todays style industry. Much the same as their antecedent Schiaparelli, Viktor Rolf are known for their capacity to stun, with their unrestrained assortments and high-idea catwalk appears (Evans Frankel 2008). In spite of the fact that not expressly charged as Surreal, the flashy plans of Viktor Rolf show obvious attributes of Surrealist thoughts and fill in as a perfect case of the stature of Surrealisms sway on todays style. This investigation means to uncover the significant job that Surrealism has played on the style business. Both from a recorded perspective in the manner that it changed the manner in which molded was seen, just as its proceeded with sway on style as a wellspring of motivation for contemporary planners. The coordinated effort among specialists and creators took into account style to push ahead in uncommon manners, spearheaded by any semblance of Salvador Dali and Elsa Schiaparelli, and exemplified in todays design by any semblance of Viktor Rolf. Oddity Frequently when we hear the word Surrealism we consequently consider craftsmanship and evoke pictures from Dali and his peers. In any case, in undeniable reality there is nothing of the sort as surrealist workmanship. At its actual center oddity doesn't involve style, yet rather a perspective, a perspective (Waldberg 1997). It very well may be summarized very well by Rimbauds proclamation Change life (Levy 1995, p. 5). Surrealism,â through its underlying foundations in Dadaism, was a response to the way of thinking of realism, which many felt had caused, through the Industrial Revolution, the fiasco of World War I. Tristan Tzara, pioneer of the Dada development, accepted that a general public that makes the immensity of war doesn't merit craftsmanship, so he created hostile to workmanship in a piece to stun society through outrage (Sanchez 2000). Lead by Andre Breton, the members of the development were impacted by crafted by Sigmund Freund and Carl Jung. The contrasting translations automatism, a term used to depict one of Jungs speculations on close to home examination, split the development into two unmistakable gatherings of thought (Sanchez M, 2007, P.49). Some went down the way of abstractionism,â where calligraphy, liveliness and development were the key traits, paying little mind to the subject. Their conviction was that pictures ought not be troubled with significance. The others nonetheless, accepted that pictures could be a connection between theoretical profound real factors. Through unwavering portrayal, objects remained as analogies for an internal reality (Waldberg 1997, p. 9). For the motivations behind this theory, the attention will be on the last translation of automatism in the domain of oddity as it applies to a subset of aesthetic articulation as style plan. Oddity in Fashion In spite of the fact that surrealisms establishing fathers would not have worried about the clothing of their development, the figurative and significant characteristics of style made a characteristic road for articulation of surrealist thoughts (Martin 1987, p. 9). Its intrigue to the style business was immediately evident in the utilization of standard ordinary articles and strange scenes that moved effectively to texture printing, jewelry,â hats, couture and so forth, permitting fashioners the opportunity to make workmanship pieces. The amalgamation of oddity and style changed the perspective on design from being expendable and unsubstantial to a fine art in its own right (Warburton T, 2008, P. 2). As oddity advanced into a creative style through the 1930s and past, design got one of surrealisms most perceptible juxtapositions between the customary and remarkable, deformation and frivolity, body and idea, misrepresentation and reality. This interest worked the two different ways as what secured the body had consistently been critical to the Surrealistâ philosophy, in the way that it permitted the creative mind to think about what lay underneath, and this made an interpretation of effectively into wearable pieces of clothing. The innate qualities of design offered a characteristic relationship to the physical properties of distortion that was vital to the Surrealist style. Imagery and Metaphors Style and its instruments were at the center of Surrealist representation even before Surrealism discovered its way into design. The fanciful of ladies and magnificence has for quite some time been a most loved subject for Surrealist craftsmen. In light of the line by French artist Isidore Ducasse, the possibility experience of a sewing machine and an umbrella on an analyzing table, Man Rays photo of a sewing machine and an umbrella made ready for the Surrealist investigation of the sewing machine object as a representative allegory for lady. The sewing machine itself is the essential apparatus of design, and as such came to represent ladies, who at the time were the essential specialists in the garments business. Subsequently since the procedure is considered female, so the outcome style is additionally esteemed fundamentally female. Future Surrealist works would take this thought further, for example, Joseph Cornells untitled montage delineating a sewing machine delivering an artic le of clothing, however the lady inside it likewise (Image 1). The sewing machine was a focal allegory in the Surrealists comprehension of magnificence inside a lady as being made out of apparel and structure. Picture 1 Joseph Cornell, 1903, Untitled Music was another key symbolism in the Surrealists munititions stockpile; specifically instruments and their similarity to the female structure. This typification of ladies incorporated the possibility of ladies being substitutes for instruments. Maybe one of the most popular of Man Rays photos Le Violon dIngres (Image 2) fittingly represents this idea. This careful symbolism has been utilized ordinarily in style from Christian Lacroixs Violin Dress (Image 3) to all the more as of late Viktor Rolfs dark violin dress (Image 4). Affected by Dali and Man Ray themselves, Elsa Schiaparelli additionally utilized melodic notes and instruments in her structures (Image 5). Picture 2 Man Ray, 1924, Le Violon dIngres Picture 4 Viktor Rolf, Spring/Summer 2008, Harlequin Collection [Mention mirrors?] Human Form and Parts The mannequins and dress types of style made the perfect play area for the Surrealists allotment of the human body. The jug for Elsa Schiaparellis scent Shocking embraced the state of a human middle (Image 6) is a prime case of the Surrealist perfect of the transformation between the living and the lifeless. These substitutes for living figures took into account more prominent twisting and show than genuine models, subsequently permitting the Surrealist to completely look at the connection among dress and the exposed body. The Surrealist interest with parts of the body as emblematic portrayals is key to the comprehension of Surrealist works. To the Surrealist, the eyes speak to optical vision, yet additionally dreaming, sight, voyeurism, and even visual impairment. Yves Saint Laurents utilized this show in 1980, delivering a coat with embellished eyes, Les Yeux dElsa, giving proper respect to Schiaparelli as the best supporter of Surrealist style (Image 7). The French fashioner likewise utilized lips, a normally utilized improving gadget in strange workmanship, in his Lip Dress; the arrangement of the lips with the bosoms, making an unmistakable Surrealist contact alongside sexual hints (Image 8). Picture 6 Elsa Schiaparelli, 1973, Shocking Maybe the most innovative of the preoccupied parts are the hands. Utilized broadly by Surrealists in all way of innovative, sexual and useful settings. Schiaparellis coat weaved by Jean Cocteau plays on the practical idea of hands being a characteristic gadget for belting around the midriff (Image 9). This is additionally imitated in Francios Lesages Hand Belt (Image 10) and Marc Jacobs lOeil Beaded Dress (Image 11). In like manner, Pierre Cardins cowhide shoes looking like feet draw out the utilitarian qualities of feet (Image12). Dislodging of Objects One of the most widely recognized gadgets of Surrealism is the position of ordinary items in bizarre spots. The brokenness and separation of an article takes into account a rethinking of that object and a grating between the regular and the subconscious. One evident strategy for dislodging object

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Human asset the executives - Essay Example The executives speculations showed up around 1920. With the improvement of innovation and different social turns of events, the administration is partitioned into numerous classifications that include a specific procedure. In today’s world, with numerous things changing around us, each procedure has its own administration techniques and staff for dealing with that procedure. Despite the fact that the fundamental rule continues as before; arranging, sorting out, staffing, coordinating, and controlling to accomplish the objective by utilizing the human, monetary and material assets. At last the objective of any association continues as before, that the Human Resource Management office should select the most reasonable individuals in the best of their capacity to meet the organization’s objective lined up with the vision, crucial objective of the association. Cautious regard for HRM issues is urgent in accomplishing positive results from their workers, just as saving reasonable and adjusted treatment for the representatives which could be influenced by the board choices. Right off the bat the association should begin with a Circumstance Analysis of the current frameworks and strategies in the association like; what are the present enrollment structures in activity. Who is the choice power; what are the current standards of the objective association. Does the choice lie with the HRM work force or the authoritative chiefs or might they want to define a panel who might handle with an official choice legalities. The subsequent stage is distinguish the holes in the present structure of the HR. A Hole Analysis would help, similar to; what are the limitations, suggestions happened because of these current frameworks, what are the benefits/bad marks? how these influence the hierarchical culture. At that point in the light of the recognized holes/limitations, the enrollment and enlistment methodologies ought to be planned to address the issues. This would additionally help in characterizing the means in

7 Resume Tips and 7 Interviewing Tips - from an HR Director!

7 Resume Tips and 7 Interviewing Tips - from an HR Director! If you want effective resume tips and spot-on interview tips, one good source is the Human Resources Director of a large organization. You might be thinking, “Brenda, I’m sorry, but I simply don’t have access to a dozen human resources directors at Fortune 500-sized companies who are sitting around waiting to talk with me about what hiring managers are looking for!” Thankfully, people like me attend informative events such as the National Resume Writers Association (NRWA) annual conference, held last week in Charleston, South Carolina. A dedicated group of career professionals, including me, were graced with a presentation by Tim Moranâ€"Human Resources Director at Hallmark, Inc. Hallmark is a privately held company with a size comparable to a Fortune-500 company. The audience was hungry for Mr. Moran’s advice, and we were not disappointed! Here’s what he says about what hiring managers want: Top 7 Tips for Resumes and Cover Letters The reverse chronological resume still rules. If at all possible, arrange your experience with your most recent position first, and continue from there. There is a definite bias against skills-based resumes. The resume gets you in the gate; it does not get you hired. The goal is to spark enough interest that someone wants to know more. Most hiring managers do not read your summary section. They want to know concrete facts about what you’ve done. Specifically, and I quote, they are “interested in what the heck you did to make things better.” Hiring managers don’t like the Core Competencies or Skills sections that list a bunch of nouns and noun phrases. These lists are useful for computers (if formatted correctly) but not effective with people. Use the space taken up by these keywords to report your successes. Age is not always an issue. Many hiring managers realize that people are healthier and younger at 60 than they used to be. The trend also is for employees to stay 3-5 years, not 20, so age has become less of a liability. It’s not uncommon for Hallmark to hire people, especially artists, in their 60s. A Hobbies or Interests section is welcome! It can indicate intellectual curiosity and personality. You are judged on your cover letter. It’s important to put your thoughts together well and make a good impression. If it takes getting help from a resume writer to string your thoughts together well, it’s worth the investment! I found it enlightening (and somewhat of a relief) that Mr. Moran has no problem with people who get professional help with their resume and cover letters. He believes the goal of these documents is to get you in the door; as long as nothing is fabricated it doesn’t matter who writes them! Mr. Moran also shared tips for getting interviews, performing well in them, and entering into salary negotiations: Top 7 Tips for Interviews Negotiations The best way to get an interview is to take advantage of your networks. Get out there and talk to people! Confidence is key. The most important thing you can do is exude confidence, regardless of how long you’ve been unemployed or what “weaknesses” other people might think you have. It’s essential to have a short statement at the ready (your “elevator pitch”) that identifies your unique strengths and what you offer. How you carry yourself physically is extremely important. Confidence shows through your posture, facial expressions and handshake. You must exhibit a willingness to learn and adapt, over and over again. Come prepared with examples of how you embraced change and exceled. Do your salary research. Educate yourself on payscale.com and salary.com so that you can back up your salary request with knowledge about industry standards and cost of living in the relevant geographic area. Remember the 5 Ps: Positivity, preparedness, professionalism, perseverance and persistence. Did any of these words of wisdom surprise you? Are you going to change anything about the way you present yourself on paper or in person? Please share in the comments below. If you want to make sure your resume meets the requirements and preferences of hiring managers, consider hiring The Essay Expert. We look forward to working with you!

Gary Soto A Mexican American Author - 2363 Words

Mac Foster Mrs. Brown Adv 11th Lit 15 December 2016 Gary Soto Gary Soto, a Mexican-American author, was born in 1952 in Fresno, California. His parents were both Mexican-American. Soto did not expect a lot from his life; he imagined he would ’marry Mexican poor, work Mexican hours, and in the end die a Mexican death, broke and in despair’ (Lee). Instead, he became a great writer of poems and short stories. James Sullivan describes Soto as â€Å"one of the most important voices in Chicano literature† and Don Lee counts Soto as â€Å"one of the best Chicano poets of his time† having published over twenty books. Soto, an established writer, uses experiences from his life and his observations of his community to write stories about life in a Mexican-American community with characters and conflicts that are relatable. Gary Soto, the second of three children was born to Mexican-American parents who worked hard to provide for their family. Boyle and Jason explain, â€Å"...his father and grandfather worked in blue-collar jobs at Sun-Maid Raisin and his mother peeled potatoes at Reddi-Spud.† Jobs such as peeling potatoes did not pay well, and factory jobs were extremely dangerous, but these jobs were the best ways, and often the only way, of earning the money they needed. Despite having steady work it was still a struggle to earn enough to care for the whole family. The family’s struggles increased after Soto’s father was â€Å"killed in an industrial accident† when Soto was five years old (Lee).Show MoreRelatedGary Soto : A Mexican American Author2038 Words   |  9 PagesLit/Comp 14 December 2016 Gary Soto: Gary Soto is a popular Mexican-American author, who uses his experiences and cultural background to tell stories. Soto effectively uses his cultural background, the importance of family, and experiences to tell stories in a way that readers can either relate to or vividly imagine. Over the course of his career, Soto has earned worldwide recognition and continues to serve as one of the main faces of international authors success in American literature. One majorRead MoreGary Soto : A Mexican American Author1696 Words   |  7 PagesBrown Adv 11th Lit 15 December 2016 Gary Soto Gary Soto, a Mexican-American author, was born in 1952, Fresno, California. His parents were both Mexican-American. Soto did not expect a lot in his life, he imagined he would ’marry Mexican poor, work Mexican hours, and in the end die a Mexican death, broke and in despair’ (Lee). That’s what many people would have predicted for him. However, he instead became a writer of great worth, writing poems and short stories. â€Å"Soto is one of the most important voicesRead MoreGary Soto1452 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Essay: Gary Soto Gary Soto, born on April 12th, 1952 is a proud Mexican-American that grew up in a very low class neighborhood in Fresno, California with both of his parents (Gillespie, Becker 100). Soto exclaimed that he was marginal kid; this means that he could have either ended up in prison or easily graduate from college. He put forth more effort in other things than school, such as girls or work. As a child and teen Mr. Soto was never interested in his schooling but he tried hisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Oranges And Small Town With One Road 1372 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough passion, prior experience and multiple outer influences. Gary Soto is a famous poet who blossomed in the late 20th century. Soto used different variations of poetry tools to create expressive poems based on his own life experience. While Soto wrote many different poems, the poems â€Å"Oranges† and â€Å"Small Town With One Road† stand out and can be deeply analyzed. Both poems are strongly emphasized with his past experiences in life. Gary Soto writes poems about hope, diversity and harshness of life, becauseRead MoreSaturday at the Canal Analysis743 Words   |   3 PagesCITATIONS Gary, Soto. Gary Soto. Gary Soto. Nova Web Studio, 14 mar 2008. Web. 17 Mar 2011. . Soto, Gary. Between the Lines: Interview with Gary Soto. (September 2003) Harcourt Trade Publishing Web site http://www.harcourtbooks.com/authorinterviews/bookinterview_Soto.asp (accessed on March 15, 2011) Anaya, Rudolfo. Gary Soto of the United States. World Literature Today (November 2002) http://www.ou.edu/worldlit/NSK/Soto.htm (accessed on March 14, 2011). BIOGRAPHY Soto was born toRead MoreGary Soto And The David Soto1376 Words   |  6 PagesMarch 2017 Gary Soto Poet, author, and filmmaker Gary Soto did not always have an interest in literature. 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An okie was what hisRead More`` Mexicans Begin Jogging `` And Small Town With One Road1828 Words   |  8 PagesAuthors write what they know. A well written piece is based on experience and what is familiar to the author. This is certainly the case for Gary Soto, a Mexican-American poet. Soto has written many poems and continues to do so today. Soto’s poems discuss personal themes from his life like experiencing racism and navigating stereotypes. These are themes that are evident in two of Soto’s poems, â€Å"Mexicans Begin Jogging† and â€Å"Small Town with one Road.† Both poems have a deep connection to his lifeRead MoreGary Soto s The San Joaquin Valley2143 Words   |  9 PagesKatelynn Pilon 11th Adv Literature Ms. Brown December 20th 2016 Gary Soto â€Å"Gary Soto was born in Fresno, California, in April, 1952, to working-class Mexican-American parents. At a young age, he worked in the fields of the San Joaquin Valley. He was not academically motivated as a child, but became interested in poetry during his high school years.† Soto uses his cultural experiences lead him to write about his character how he does and throughout all of his short stories, books, and poems heRead MoreThe Significance of Irony1413 Words   |  6 Pagesof indirectness is partly what makes poetry so interesting. Poetry’s lack of simplicity forces the reader to think independently, therefore creating numerous possible interpretations. The techniques of irony used in Stephen Dunns, â€Å"After,† Gary Soto’s, â€Å"Mexicans Begin Jogging,† Mark Doty’s, â€Å"Golden Retrievals,† and â€Å"This Is Just To Say,† by William Carlos Williams, are ultimately different, but do have substantial similarities an d presentations of humor. Stephen Dunn’s poem, â€Å"After,† was written as

Schizophrenia in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte...

Schizophrenia in The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wall-Paper, does more than just tell the story of a woman who suffers at the hands of 19th century quack medicine. Gilman created a protagonist with real emotions and a real psych that can be examined and analyzed in the context of modern psychology. In fact, to understand the psychology of the unnamed protagonist is to be well on the way to understanding the story itself. The Yellow Wall-Paper, written in first-person narrative, charts the psychological state of the protagonist as she slowly deteriorates into schizophrenia (a disintegration of the personality). Schizophrenia manifests itself through a number of symptoms. One of the first†¦show more content†¦At one point she describes laying on the bed and follow[ing] that pattern about by the hour . . . I determine for the thousandth time that I will follow that pointless pattern to some sort of conclusion (Gilman 429). Shortly after the passage above, there is another change in the mental state of the narrator. She begins to show symptoms of paranoia, another classic sign of schizophrenia. Speaking of how glad she is that her baby does not have to stay in the room with the yellow wallpaper, the narrator says Of course I never mention it to them any more— I am too wise,— but I keep watch of it all the same (Gilman 430). She again shows her mistrust of the people who are caring for her when she says The fact is I am getting a little afraid of John. He seems very queer sometimes, and even Jennie has an inexplicable look (Gilman 431). At one point she catches Jennie looking at the yellow wallpaper. She says I know she was studying that pattern, and I am determined that nobody shall find it out but myself! (Gilman 432). This kind of paranoia is a solid indicator that the narrators psychological state is deteriorating towards schizophrenia. Hallucinations are another common symptom of a schizophrenic person. The protagonist at first sees (although she still knows that they are not real) people walking in the paths that she can see from her bedroom window. As her mental state worsens, however, sheShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Harriet Beecher Stowe1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper is a feminist piece of literature that analyzed women’s struggle in the 1900s, such as medical diagnosis and women’s roles. Over the years, women struggled to attain independence and freedom. In order to achieve these liberties, they were females who paved the way and spoke out about these issues to secure equal rights for women. In addition, these powerful females used their vulnerability to challenge the male domination through their literary work. The Yellow Wallpaper is aRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper961 Words   |  4 Pages The Yellow Paper is a symbolic story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. It is a disheartening tale of a woman struggling to free herself from postpartum depression. This story gives an account of an emotionally and intellectual deteriorated woman who is a wife and a mother who is struggling to break free from her metal prison and find peace. The post-partum depression forced her to look for a neurologist doctor who gives a rest cure. She was supposed to have a strict bed rest. The woman livedRead More Essay on Condemnation of a Patriarchal Society in Yellow Wallpaper860 Words   |  4 PagesPatriarchal Society in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Charlotte Perkins Gilman was crafty. Taken at face value, her short work, The Yellow Wallpaper, is simply the diary of a woman going through a mental breakdown. The wallpaper itself is the arbitrary object on which a troubled mind is obsessively fixated. The fact that Gilman herself suffered from a nervous breakdown makes this interpretation seem quite viable. 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Digital Marketing Essay - 741 Words

Example: Imagine you walking in an exceedingly store and take a look at many shirts on. one thing distracts you and youre unable to complete the acquisition. once you click and open your browser to surf cyberspace, you apparently receive some superb deals on merchandise that you simply tried earlier in this store through completely different advertising channels (banner ads, promoted posts etc). CONCLUSION The most putting facet of future digital promoting in Asian nation is certainly its cost- effectiveness and interactivity. Also, theres straightforward accessibility - a boon considering that ancient Indian promoting had to face the large hurdle of reaching intent on Indian lots within the most resource-effective means. Indian†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Brand visibility at the training location with â€Å"LED DISPLAY BOARD† which displays your name during the time of the session. 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There square measure 3 basic varieties of analysis styles, viz., 1) explorative 2) Descriptive and 3) Casual , that square measure mentioned within the succeeding text. Fundamental to the success of any formal {research project scientific analysis research} may be a sound research style. a decent analysis style has the characteristics, viz., drawback definition, specific ways ofShow MoreRelatedDigital Marketing Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pagesword-of-mouth strategies. As a matter of fact, since social media is part of our  everyday lives, whether it is being used to interact with friends and family. It can also be utilized to keep existing customers. In addition, using  social media and digital marketing  is one way to communicate with  potential customer’s. It can be used to communicate directly with my present customers by answering questions, concerns and other comments will help enhance the company’ s reputation. 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Right of Way Abandonment-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignement

Question: Advise Susan Support your advice with relevant authority. Answer: The right of way is simply a legal enjoyment which gives a person the right to use another person property under certain circumstances. The key issue in this case is that Susans neighbour has not been able to use her right of way which is over Susans property for a long time[1]. In the case, Susan is seeking advice on the withdrawal of the right of way from her title. The regulations in Australia are able to provide different circumstances under which the right of way can be withdrawn. The deliberate withdrawal of the right of way is one way which can be used. In this case, Susan will have to talk to the neighbour and agree to go to the court to revoke the available right of way. In this way, the right of way since it is not being used can be abandoned under the court orders[2]. The only restriction on this channel is that the neighbour must be informed and able to agree to the changes. Since the easement are usually documented and under contract, it will take the same way to abandon the right of way if the owners are no longer using them. And this case, Susans neighbour has not been able to use the right of way for a long time and therefore he or she is likely to agree to abandon it. The key part is that Susan will have to convince the neighbour to forego the rights to use the easement. In addition, Susan must be able to ask her conveyance the conditions which are stated on the right of way. This is because the courts assume that the assessments are created to last forever unless they are otherwise stated[3]. The considerations must be clearly be made whether on the contract there is any way the assessment was meant to expire and if so, has the time elapsed. Under this situation, if the right of way was temporal, Susan can make the decisions if the time has elapsed and therefore be able to own the piece of land and use it as she wishes. If not stated, Susan will be then forced to look for the other alternatives available to withdraw the right of way. In addition, under regulations, abandonment of an easement is also a reason under which the rights of right of way can be extinguished. Nevertheless, a mere rule of non-use of the easement was quoted not to be a clear reason for withdrawal of easement. According to case Treweke v 36 Wolseley Road Pty Ltd, there are some reasons which will make the right of way to be used[4]. For instance, in this case, Susans neighbour is disabled and this may be a key reason why she has not used the right of way. Therefore, since the neighbour to Susan is disabled and uses only wheelchair, this does not mean that she does not use the assessment out of her own will. In addition, the neighbour may have a strong case that the right of way is kept for the other descendants who are not near. Therefore the mere fact that the neighbour does not use the right of way does not mean she does not need it. This means that Susan cannot merely block the right of way from the neighbour because of the long duration without using it. According to Jansonv v. Iwancuz, it was declared that a mere non-use of the assessment does not guarantee that the assessment is not needed[5][6]. Therefore it will be a tough case to argue on the prolonged non-use of the assessment to remove it from the title. Lastly, Susan can be able buy off her property and therefore be able to revoke the right of way issues. The law states that if the owners of the right of way and at the same time own the piece of land, he or she can be able to abandon the right of way. Since she will be able to how the both pieces of dominant and servient property, the right of way will become obsolete and non-functional[7]. In addition, Susan cannot talk only to the neighbour and enter into a verbal agreement on the abandonment of the right of way. References Bradbrook, MacCallum and Moore, above n 25, 772 referring to Land Titles Act 1980 s 109. Brien v Dwyer (1978) 141 CLR 378; Carpenter v McGrath (1996) 40 NSWLR 39. Fallowfield v Bourgault[2003] O.J. No. 5206, 68 O.R. (3d) 417 cited in Donahue,supranote 1. Fyfe v James[2006] O.J. No. 325, 42 R.P.R. (4th) 221 cited in Donahue,supranote 1 Jansons v Iwanczuk[1991] O.J. No. 801, 17 R.P.R. (2d) 308 cited in Donahue,supranote 1 NSW Conveyancing Act 1919 Treweeke v 36 Wolseley Road Pty Ltd (1973) 128 CLR 27 Fallowfield v Bourgault[2003] O.J. No. 5206, 68 O.R. (3d) 417 cited in Donahue,supranote 1 Bradbrook, MacCallum and Moore, above n 25, 772 referring to Land Titles Act 1980 s 109. Brien v Dwyer (1978) 141 CLR 378; Carpenter v McGrath (1996) 40 NSWLR 39. Treweeke v 36 Wolseley Road Pty Ltd (1973) 128 CLR 274 Fyfe v James[2006] O.J. No. 325, 42 R.P.R. (4th) 221 cited in Donahue,supranote 1 Jansons v Iwanczuk[1991] O.J. No. 801, 17 R.P.R. (2d) 308 cited in Donahue,supranote 1 NSW Conveyancing Act 1919

Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan Essay Example

Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan Essay Project Specification plan Sign-off sheet Name and Job title| Involvement in the project| Signature | Sharon Shameful,Chief Executive| -Signs off the project as a whole-Authorisation of interviews-Signs of on new project proposals| | Nathan SafeHuman Resources | -Hires new staff also responsible for their interviews-Hires the technical writer-In charge of keeping up to date with staff reviews and reporting to management| | Money Penny Chief Financial Officer| -Signs off financial implications of the new policies and processes. Will provide financial background on health and safety training of staff. | | Mathew HandymanHealth Safety officer temporary Maintenance manager| -Signs off on the health and safety implications of the new policies and processes-Checks that proper health and safety procedure is implemented by all staff. -In charge of maintenance of all machinery and also trains new staff in using these. | | Hayden StarStaff Supervisor| -Supervisor ground staff-Interview new staff alongside human resource manager-Trains new staff in machinery| | Purpose The purpose of this documentation project is to come up with a new, improved process to prevent any future accidents involving dangerous equipment and providing employees with improved policies with proper health and safety procedure to prevent these accidents. The deliverables are: * A description of the new process, written up as business proposal, which will include a swim lane diagram illustrating who does what, at which level. * Dangerous Equipment use policy. * Procedures or instructions for one of the employees. The purpose of the documentation will be revised at daily meetings with the project manager, Nathan Safe. Definition of Audience Document| Audience | Audience Description| Business Proposal for training new staff and existing employees in the safe use of equipment| Management team| Has a good knowledge of finances and council operation as well as health and safety in relations to dangerous equipment| Dangerous equipment use policy| All Employees| Ground knowledge of all equipment. Some already experienced in use of dangerous equipments. Are motivated to learn more after what has happened to a staff member. Procedure for Health and Safety and Maintenance officer| Mathew Handyman| Knows all about the machinery on hand and also their safety policies, but needs to be more proactive. | Note 1. Bruce alongside with his supervisor Hayden and 2 other colleagues will be available throughout the project for user testing Relationship of these documents to others The new documentation will repla ce the outdated Dangerous equipment use policy that has proved to be ineffective. The new policy and procedures must: * Follow proper health and safety codes set by ACC Fit with the councils financial budget * Fit with local councils general health and safety policies Production Information The business proposal will be presented in both electronic and paper form. The electronic copy will be make it easy for new additions. The proposal will consist of 2 – 3 pages and will also include at least one swim-lane diagram (in colour). The dangerous equipment use policy will be delivered as one page printed document. This will be handed out to all ground staff and also copies will be posted in the staff room in the maintenance shed. We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Technical Writing, Project Specification Plan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Intranet file will also be available to staff via the council network. Procedures will be only handed to one employee who will have to include this in action daily. Writers requirement Project will be mainly carried out on the premises of Maurati local council. Finalising and part of the writing will be done at the technical writers home office. During the project, the council will provide the technical writer, * Access to meeting rooms for interviews * Access to relevant documents * Access to scanner Admin will be assisting with all the printing and scanning. Originals will be printed by the technical writer at his preferred printing press. Nathan Safe, Money Penny, Mathew Handyman and Hayden Star will all be available for interviews during business hours. Sharon who is currently busy with the local gala will only be available on Friday. Ground staff will be available during their posted times, however, this will only be during their lunch hours. Free lunch vouchers will be handed at each interviews to all ground staff for taking time of their lunch to come for an interview. The technical writer will report all interview of staff to Nathan Safe. Schedules and Milestones Project Stage| Tentative time of Completion | Initial Research * Informal talk with Staff * Relevant document investigations * Scheduling with SMEs| 15 May 2012| Development of the project * Actual interviews conducted * Rough swim-lane diagram | 16-18 May 2012| Draft proposal complete| 20 May 2012| Draft Policy and procedure documents complete| 23 May 2012| Feedback on proposal and policy draftsTesting of procedure draft| 24 May 2012| Revising Editing| 25 May 2012| Documentation Completed| 4 June 2012| Constraints Delays will be inevitable. Budget Technical writer’s work | Cost| Researching – 10 hours| $60 x 10= $600| Drafting Stage| $60 x 5= $300| Interview Staff and facilitating user-testing (vouchers will be provided free for charge to interviewees)| $60 x10= $600| Training Individual on Procedure| $60 x 10 =$600| Revising Polishing 10 hours| $60 x 10 =$600| Printing Disbursement (standard) | $250| Total| $2,950 + GST|

Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams

Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams To Waken an Old Lady is a poem that was authored by William Carlos Williams. The poem essentially focuses on the aspect of old age. Therefore, the writer utilizes numerous bookish tools so as to construct the poem. In my experience of reading the poem I got attracted to the manner in which the author presented the poem the use of literary devices actually affected my experience. The use aspects of content, language and form were of greatest significance in the entire poem. Other literary devices have also been used in the construction of the poem. The elements used greatly affected my response to the poem, in its entirety. The literary devices employed by the author of the poem actually affected my response to the poem. Furthermore, they made me to focus more on one aspect of the poem than the others. I was significantly drawn to the aspect of old age and its prevalent connotations. This is due to the manner in which the author applied the literary elements all through. I cannot deny the great relevance of the above elements on my experience. William Carlos Williams makes great use of several elements in the presentation of the poem. Some of these elements are language, form and content. First of all I was greatly attracted to the aspect of content. The author chose to narrow down to old age as the essential content of the poem. Actually it activated me as I read through the poem. I just appreciate their use through out the reading. The language used by the author was both poetic and simple. This served two purposes at the same time. First was the fact that the poetic language made it possible for the poem to be appealing first as a text and second as a medium of communication. Subsequently, the language was simple enough to be comprehended by the reader. The use of literacy elements by William Carlos Williams in the construction of the poem, To Waken an Old Lady is inherently commendable. The form of the poem was great and played a great role in making my response to the poem. I tended to focus on the nature of the form employed by the author on the presentation of old age through symbolism. This constituted a key cause that manipulated my reading experience as well as my response. It actually changed my perception of the poem. Generally, the application of the several elements in the poem was of great magnitude not merely in the expansion of the poem, but towards the reading experience and response. William Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old Lady is a poem that focuses on the aspect of old age. Having read through the poem, my reading, and response experience was inherently influenced by the numerous literary devices and elements used by the author. As a result, the use of language, form and content were of great significance to the presentation of the entire poem. Actually it made me to focus primary on the prevalence of old age. This was due to the fact that old age was symbolized in several elements that the author employed in the construction of the poem.

The Minimum Wage Should Not Be Abolished Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Minimum Wage Should Not Be Abolished - Essay Example This discussion examines the benefits of raising the minimum wage not only for those workers who would gain monetarily but to employers as well and ultimately, the economy as a whole. Currently, the minimum wage stands at $7.25 which was increased from $5.85 per hour in July of 2009. This modest increase put minimum wage earners near the poverty line, about $16,000 for a family of three (Poverty Guidelines, 2006). The minimum wage had not been raised for seven years previous, the longest time span since the law first went into effect in 1938. This decline in the real value of the minimum wage over that seven years translated into lower real wages for millions of workers and contributed to the income gap between poor working families and the middle class. Raising the minimum wage allows those who make minimum salaries to keep up with inflation. It also helps those that need it the most such as single mothers and minorities. In addition, it will cause a ‘ripple effect’ in that wages will also increase for those that make just above the minimum. In 1968, a full-time employee who earned the minimum wage made what would be â€Å"the equivalent of $15,431 today, 44 percent more than today’s full-time minimum wage worker† (Lee, 1999, p. 1016). ... decreased by 20 percent since September 1997.   â€Å"The minimum wage still equals only 31 percent of the average wage for private sector, non-supervisory workers†¦ the lowest share since at least the end of World War II† (Bernstein & Shapiro, 2006). Some of those who oppose the increase have suggested that the dominant wage earner of families does not fall into the minimum wage category, that it normally applies to teenage summer workers. This assertion is not at all the case. The Economic Report of the President evaluated the evidence in 1999 and found that that this argument was indeed untrue stating in its report, â€Å"most minimum wage workers are adults from lower income families, and their wages are a major source of their families’ earnings† (Council of Economic Advisors, 1999, p. 111). Opponents also argue that raising the minimum wage will hurt the economy but, unlike the effects tax-cuts for the wealthiest Americans have on the economy, when t he poorest in society have extra income; they spend it on the necessities of life thus directly stimulating the local economy. Employers generally oppose increasing the minimum wage. Their claim is that they would be forced to lay-off employees to cover the extra costs. This claim, however, has been proven to be unfounded. On the front-end, employers may indeed pay more to their employees after a wage increase but, as evidence indicates, the increased costs to employers are usually compensated for by benefits. For example, employees who make a wage that allows their families to subsist, rather than not, are less likely to secure other employment which reduces the employer’s employee turnover rate thus reducing additional training and recruitment costs. It also results in a decrease in absenteeism as well as higher

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Book Review - Essay Example Neil Shubin employs comprehensive, but conversational style to introduce the story of Big Bang carefully navigating its evolutionary path (Shubin 28). Despite the fact the many people are familiar with the Big Bang theory; the contemporary human being still has no clear understanding of the theory and would be very eager to listen to it whenever any chance comes by. The modern man has the interest of hearing the story of the big bang until some sense sinks in about intimate links that they share with other species. However, critically dissecting Shubin’s book, he fails to utilize the valuable opportunity to make these connections that are of fundamental interest to the modern man. Commencing with fossils, he tilts his vision skyward telling the audience how the human body reflects the 13.7 billion-year history of the universe. Beginning right at the minutest level, the molecular composition of humans, Shubin seeks to demonstrate why people look the way they do, tracking the creation of the universe via the development of various components of the human body such as genes, organs as well as cells. Shubin’s The Universe Within: Discovering the Common History of Rocks, Planets, and People is basically a hilarious presentation of the human body together with his dwelling-the earth, were shaped by the universe’s 13.7 billion year evolution cosmic and chemical forces (Shubin 190). Besides its emergence as one of the best fits for individuals with undying interest in science, The Universe Within incorporates landmark and late-breaking studies. Shubin’s argument is that all astronomers are paleontologists. According to him, a distant star light is an indication of conditions numerous years ago. Staring at stars was a means of exploring our own origins. Rocks and bodies are time shells that convey the authority of the enormous events that fashioned them. The

Length of stay in pediatric intensive care unit

Length of stay in pediatric intensive care unit 1.1 Scope of Review The following review of the past work done in the area of intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay is divided into two parts. The first part covers the studies done on the PICU length of stay while the second part delves into the literature of ICU length of stay. 1.2 Studies of Length of Stay in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Ruttimann Pollack (1996) investigated the relationship of length of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay to severity of illness and other potentially relevant factors available within the first 24 hours after admission. A median and geometric mean length of PICU stay of 2.0 and 1.9 days respectively, and the upper 95th percentile at 12 days were found. To prevent undue influence of outliers, all patients staying longer than 12 days were considered long-stay patients (4.1% of the total sample) and were excluded from the model-building process. In the LOS prediction model, variables found to be significantly associated (p Table 1.1: Log-logistic regression model for length of stay Variable Regression coefficient SE Adjusted LOS ratio 95% CI PRISM score* 0.6386 0.0407 5 1.28 1.25-1.33 10 1.63 1.54-1.74 15 1.80 1.67-1.94 20 1.98 1.82-2.16 25 1.62 1.53-1.72 30 1.29 1.25-1.33 40 1.38 1.33-1.44 50 1.06 1.06-1.07 Primary diagnoses CNS diseases -0.1682 0.0267 0.85 0.80-0.89 Neoplastic diseases 0.2324 0.0579 1.26 1.13-1.41 Drug overdoses -0.1758 0.0383 0.84 0.77-0.90 Inguinal hernia -0.3270 0.1344 0.72 0.55-0.94 Asthma -0.1135 0.0527 0.89 0.80-0.99 Pneumonia 0.2350 0.0475 1.26 1.15-1.39 CNS infections 0.4966 0.0555 1.64 1.47-1.83 Respiratory diseases ÃÆ'- PRISMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   0.1257 0.0579 1.67 1.49-1.87 Head trauma ÃÆ'- PRISMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   0.1710 0.0611 1.73 1.53-1.94 Diabetes ÃÆ'- PRISMà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   -0.3332 0.0666 1.23 1.08-1.40 Admission conditions Postoperative 0.1267 0.0243 1.14 1.08-1.19 Inpatient 0.2358 0.0271 1.27 1.20-1.33 Previous ICU admission 0.1562 0.0521 1.17 1.06-1.29 Therapy Mechanical ventilation 0.4900 0.0258 1.63 1.55-1.72 Intercept -0.0191 0.0278 Scale 2.5602 0.0295 Log partial likelihood = -5487.2; global chi-square value = 1601.9; df = 15; p CI, Confidence interval; CNS, Central nervous system *LOS ratios computed relative to PRISM score = 0. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  LOS ratios computed for an interaction with PRISM score = 6.42 (sample average). Source: Modified from Ruttimann Pollack (1996). In the same study, Ruttimann Pollack (1996) noted the ratio of observed to predicted LOS varied among PICUs from 0.83 to 1.25. The PICU factors associated (p Table 1.2: Effect of PICU characteristics on length of stay Variable Regression coefficient SE Adjusted LOS ratio 95% CI p* Intensivist -0.1208 0.0189 0.89 0.85-0.92 0.0001 Coordination -0.0513 0.0190 0.95 0.92-0.99 0.0071 Residents -0.0586 0.0200 0.94 0.91-0.98 0.0033 ln (PICU/hospital beds) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   0.0459 0.0170 1.03 1.01-1.06 0.0068 CI, Confidence interval. *2 ÃÆ'- ln (likelihood ratio) test. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  LOS ratio and 95% CIs computed for and increase of PICU/hospital bed ratio by a factor of 2. Source: Modified from Ruttimann Pollack (1996). Development of a new LOS prediction model was necessary due to the availability of a newly updated pediatric severity-of-illness assessment system, PRISM III-24 (Pediatric risk of mortality, version III, 24-hour assessment). Ruttimann et al. (1998) have then fitted a generalized linear regression model (inverse Gaussian) to the observed LOS data with the log link function. In the new LOS prediction model, variables found to be significantly associated (p Table 1.3: Generalized linear regression model (inverse Gaussian) for length of stay (n = 9558) Variable Length of stay ratio 95% Confidence interval p Valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   PRISM III-24 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ 0.0001 (PRISM III-24) °Ã‚ °2 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ 0.0001 Primary diagnoses CNS infections 1.41 1.28-1.56 0.0001 Neoplastic diseases 1.22 1.13-1.31 0.0001 Asthma 0.91 0.85-0.96 0.0045 Pneumonia 1.50 1.40-1.61 0.0001 Drug overdoses 0.74 0.70-0.79 0.0001 CV nonoperative 1.22 1.14-1.32 0.0001 CV operative 0.89 0.83-0.95 0.0006 Diabetes 0.74 0.67-0.81 0.0001 Admission specifications Postoperative 0.92 0.88-0.96 0.0004 Inpatient 1.17 1.13-1.22 0.0001 Previous ICU admission 1.26 1.15-1.38 0.0001 Therapy Mechanical ventilation 1.68 1.60-1.77 0.0001 Model intercept ( ± SEM) = 1.423  ± 0.021 days CNS, Central nervous system; CV, cardiovascular system.  °Effect of the variable after adjusting for the effects of all other variables in the model. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Log-likelihood ratio compared with the chi-squared distribution with 1 degree of freedom. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡See Fig.2 (pg 82, Ruttimann et al. 1998). Model fit: Scaled deviance = 9558 (chi-square with 9543 degrees of freedom, p >0.45). Observed versus predicted length of stay, mean ( ± SEM) in: training sample (n = 9,558): 2.351( ± 0.032) versus 2.360( ± 0.011), p >0.64; test sample (n = 1,100): 2.461( ± 0.069) versus 2.419( ± 0.035), p >0.49. Source: Modified from Ruttimann et al. (1998). Ruttimann et al. (1998) have also assessed the PICU efficiency with the new LOS prediction model and validation of the assessment by an efficiency measure based on daily use of intensive care unit-specific therapies (based on the criterion whether on each day a patient used at least one therapy that is best delivered in the ICU). PICU efficiency was computed as either the ratio of the observed efficient days or the days accounted for by the predictor variables to the total care days, and the agreement was assessed by Spearmans rank correlation analysis. PICU efficiency comparisons for both the predictor-based and therapy-based methods are nearly equivalent. Ruttimann and colleagues (1998) acknowledged the advantage of predictor-based efficiency as it can be computed from admission day data only. It was of researchers utmost interest to study the extended LOSs as well. Long-stay patients (LSPs) in the PICU were later being examined by Marcin et al. (2001). As explained previously, LSPs were defined as patients having a length of stay greater than 95th percentile (>12 days). In the study, the clinical profiles and relative resource use of LSPs were determined and a prediction model was developed to identify LSPs for early quality and cost saving interventions. To create a predictive algorithm, logistic regression analysis was used to determine clinical characteristics, available within the first 24 hours after admission that were associated with LSPs. Marcin and colleagues (2001) noted that, Long-stay patients in the PICU consume a disproportionate amount of health care resources and have higher mortality rates than short-stay patients. Multivariate analysis of the study identified predictive factors of long-stay as: age Table 1.4: Significant independent variables from the logistic regression analysis Variable Odds Ratio 95% CI p Value Age 1.77 1.42-2.20 Previous ICU admission 2.18 1.52-3.11 Emergency admission 1.67 1.28-2.19 CPR before admission 0.59 0.37-0.96 0.032 Admitted from another ICU or IMU 2.28 1.13-4.58 0.020 Chronic TPN 3.09 1.39-6.92 0.006 Chronic tracheostomy 2.23 1.41-3.52 0.001 Pneumonia 2.73 2.03-3.68 Other respiratory disorder 2.33 1.64-3.32 Acquired cardiac disease 3.07 2.01-4.67 Having never been discharged from hospital 2.27 1.12-4.59 0.020 Ventilator 4.59 3.60-5.86 Intracranial catheter 2.78 1.76-4.41 PRISM III-24 score between 10 and 33 2.99 2.35-3.81 CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; CPR, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; IMU, intermediate care unit; TPN, total parenteral nutrition; PRISM, Pediatric Risk of Mortality. Source: Modified from Marcin et al. (2001). In a case study carried out by Kapadia et al. (2000) in a childrens hospital in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, discrete time Markov processes was applied to study the course of stay in a PICU as the patients move back and forth between the severity of illness states. To study the dynamics of the movement of patients in PICU, PRISM scores representing the intensity of illness were utilized. The study modeled the flow of patients as a discrete time Markov process. Rather than describing by a string of services and scores, the course of treatment and length of stay in the intensive care was described as a sequence of Low, Medium and High severity of illness. The resulted Markovian model appeared to fit the data well. The models were expected to provide information of how the current severity of illness is likely to change over time and how long the child is likely to stay in the PICU. The use of a Markovian approach allowed estimation of the time spent by patients in different se verity of illness states during the PICU stay, for the purposes of quality monitoring and resource allocation. 1.2 Studies of Length of Stay in Intensive Care Unit According to Gruenberg et al. (2006), institutional, medical, social and psychological factors collectively affect the length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Institutional factors include geographic location, resources, organizational structure, and leadership. In term of medical factors, specific medical interventions, specific clinical laboratory values, and the type and severity of patients illnesses were found to be related to length of stay in the ICU. Social factors such as lack of quality communication between patients families and physicians or other healthcare personnel, and conflict between patients families and hospital staff have resulted in prolonged ICU and hospital stays. Anxiety and depression experienced by a patients family members are psychological characteristics that contribute to inadequate decision making and extended ICU stays. In order to examine the impact of prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) on resource utilization, Arabi and colleagues (2002) carried out a prospective study to determine the influence of certain factors as possible predictors of prolonged stay in an adult medical/surgical ICU in a tertiary-care teaching hospital. Prolonged ICU stay was defined as length of stay >14 days. The data analyzed included the demographics and the clinical profile of each new admission. Besides, two means were used to assess severity of illness: the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (Knaus et al., 1985, as cited in Arabi et al., 2002) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II (Le Gall et al., 1993, as cited in Arabi et al., 2002). The study has identified predictors found to be significantly associated with prolonged ICU stay: non-elective admissions, readmissions, respiratory or trauma-related reasons for admission, and first 24-hour evidence of infection, oliguria, coagulopathy, and the need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressor therapy had significant association with prolonged ICU stay (Table 2.5 2.6). It was also found that mean APACHE II and SAPS II were slightly higher in patients with prolonged stay. Arabi et al. (2002) concluded that patients with prolonged ICU stay form a small proportion of ICU patients, yet they consume a significant share of the ICU resources. Nevertheless, the outcome of this group of patients is comparable to that of shorter stay patients. The predictors identified in the study were expected to be used in targeting this group to improve resource utilization and efficiency of ICU care. Table 1.5: Demographic and clinical profile of patients in the study group [all values shown are n (%), except where indicated otherwise] All (n = 947) ICU length of stay p value à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 14 days (n = 843) >14 days (n = 104) Age (years) ¹ 12-44 391 (41.3) 349 (41.4) 42 (40.4) NS 45-64 309 (32.6) 274 (32.5) 35 (33.7) NS à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥65 247 (26.1) 220 (26.1) 27 (26.0) NS Gender Male 591 (62.4) 518 (61.4) 73 (70.2) NS Female 356 (37.6) 325 (38.6) 31 (29.8) NS Type of admission Elective 169 (17.8) 164 (19.5) 5 (4.8) Non-elective 778 (82.2) 679 (80.5) 99 (95.2) Severity of illness APACHE II score (mean  ± SD) 19  ± 9 19  ± 9 21  ± 8 0.016 SAPS II score (mean  ± SD) 38  ± 20 37  ± 20 43  ± 16 0.003 Tracheostomy 113 (11.9) 52 (6.2) 61 (58.7) ICU mortality 193 (20.4) 173 (20.5) 20 (19.2) NS NS, not significant.  ¹Because of rounding, some of the percentages may not add up to 100% exactly. Source: Modified from Arabi et al. (2002). Table 1.6: Possible predictors for prolonged stay and the associated odds ratio No. of patients (%) ORs for prolonged stay p value (n = 947) OR 95% CI Non-elective admission 778 (82.8) 4.7 1.9-11.7 Readmission 79 (8.3) 2.1 1.1-3.8 0.02 Main reason for admission Surgical Trauma 171 (18.1) 2.1 1.4-3.4 Non-trauma surgical 231 (24.4) 0.3 0.1-0.5 Medical Cardiovascular 212 (22.4) 1.0 0.6-1.6 NS Respiratory 159 (16.8) 2.2 1.4-3.6 Neurologic 36 (3.8) 0.5 0.1-2.0 NS Other 138 (14.6) 0.51 0.25-1.05 NS First 24-hour data Coagulopathy 345 (36.4) 1.5 1.0-2.3 0.05

Malcolm X / Muslim religion Essay -- Biographies

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I did my report on Malcolm X. Malcolm X claimed himself as a Muslim. He didn’t always though. He had some very challenging moments in his life. In his earliest childhood memory the Ku Klux Klan attacked his house. They were forced out of their city because his father was a Minister for a Baptist church, and tried recruiting fellow African-Americans to join his church. The white people in the community called them the â€Å"trouble Negroes.† They were run out of their community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He had two older brothers, Wilfred and Philbert, and older sister Hilda, and a younger brother Reginald. His dad had previously been married previously, and so Malcolm had two half-sisters, Ella, and Mary, and a half-brother named Earl. Malcolm’s half family lived in Boston, but is immediate family lived in Lansing, Michigan. His father ended up getting killed there between the ages of eight and ten.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His mom ended up meeting a guy, and after about a year he left her because he couldn’t deal with six kids. She was on welfare for a long time after her husband died, and the social workers were really hard on the family. They would isolate the members, and then try to instigate harsh feelings. After the guy left Malcolm X’s mom had a nervous breakdown, and she ended up being sent to a mental hospital. For a while he lived with his older brother Wilfred, and his older sister Hilda, but eventually he got sent to a foster ...

Career Episode

LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME CAREER EPISODE No. 1 PIRANHA HANGAR BASE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT Place in Colombia INTRODUCTION 1. This first episode is based on my experience as Project and Quality control Manager for the project related to th construction of two piranha hangar base. This project was executed by XXX, the Company which I worked for, and the Contractor was the ZZZ. This construction project took place from August 2004 to August 2005. BACKGROUND 2. The main scope of this project was to build two hangar bases for â€Å"piranha† motor boats.These hangar bases provided different facilities to military personnel that need some support during their military operations and each one had fuel storage and supply facilities, warehouse, dinning and temporary housing facilities . Thus, it was necessary to build a potable water system, sanitary system, fuel storage and distribution system, air conditioning system, bilge and ballast system, electrical network, including gener ator set. Hull, deck and roof structure were built on steel structure with different specs and coating schema. Each piranha hangar base weighted 209 tons and had two storeys. 3.The Hull was composed by five pontoons each one of 8 meters length x 1. 20 meters width x1. 5 meters depth and a main section of 24 meters length x 3. 5 meters width x 1. 5 meters depth. Each pontoon had a specific function, pontoon number 3 was designed for sewage system, pontoon five was used for ballast system and included sea box. Inside other pontoons there were installed pipe lines for fuel, sanitary, electrical, bilge and ballast system. Hull main section was designed to fuel and LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME potable water storage. On second floor, there were located facilities for housing, office and nursery. . The main existing problem for this project was that the hangar base had to be fabricated on site since transportation of an entire hangar base was impossible due to security conditions. ZZ Z decided that this was a Best Value Proposal, which means that the selected constructor would be the company that guarantees the success of the project regardless the price. The company had to define and support not only an economic and technical proposal but also a real proposal that analyzed and guaranteed quality, transportation and security/safety factors.This proposal also had to include a fabrication plan at Bogota and an on-site, transportation plan and on-site assembly plan. The contractor also had to outline an integral plan to perform assembly on-site and furthermore pinpoint which equipment would be used in pre-assembly and joint nine heavy steel modules. PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 5. During the bid process, I was an active member of the technical team which defined technical solution, including hull modules definition, fabrication and assembly plan at Bogota and on site. This technical team was composed (in hierarchical order) by my boss Eng.XYZ, who is the general m anager of the Company, me and a group of external specialists from different fields e. g. structural, naval and mechanical engineering . In this stage, I was in charge of coordinating equipment to define an integral solution and based on conclusions of the technical team meetings, I did relevant documents such as fabrication and assembly plan, transportation plan, Quality control plan and technical proposal, including project schedule. Final proposal presented by ZZZ was composed of two main stages. The first one was fabricating at Bogota, LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME he hull (pontoons and main hull) and processing steel plates and steel profiles, including sandblasting and coating process. Second stage was transport these steel modules by air and joint them at project location. After a meeting, in which I had to explain and support designed plans to ZZZ, they fortunately decided that our proposal was the best option for them, so the Company was selected as the contractor for the construction of two Piranha Hangar Bases and then it started a new process, which was related to the construction of the project according to proposed plans. . For this construction stage, my job description was that of Project and Quality Control Manager . The following were my main functions: 6. 1 ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES : Supervising and ensuring that each activity was performed according to drawings and specs. This activity was performed throughout the entire process, including construction stage. Supervising steel structure fabrication process. Hull modules were fabricated on a Steel Structure shop located at Bogota . These modules were pre-assembled here in Bogota to guarantee that it would not be any problem at the place.All welding procedures of hull modules were tested by a company which is certified to verify and qualify welding quality and procedures. Steel structure was sent to the place with primer and barrier coating; final coating was applied on site . This decisio n was taken for two main reasons. Firstly, at the place relative humidity level is extremely high, so quality of coating activities could not be guaranteed; furthermore, sand blasting procedures could LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME not be done at the places due to its cost and environmental regulations. Selecting Test Company to perform and control quality of main.I also supervised and ensured that welders were certified by an approved organization. Ensuring welding activities, pipelines and equipments performed at optimal level. Sought materials and equipment needed by the project and assured that those fulfilled requirements established by ZZZ. Once I had identified the supplier for equipment and/or materials, I gave the info to the Purchase Department of the company and they performed the acquisition and coordinated delivery procedures. This procedure was under my supervision and I had to be informed about purchase and delivery status.When the supplier was located out of the country, purchase procedure was my responsibility from beginning to end. This meant that I had to define right supplier, perform importation and nationalization process and coordinate process until its delivery on-site. Writing technical reports that were required by client. Guarantying to client that all activities were performed according to submitted plans. Supervising that those activities were performed fulfilling requirement of Quality Control Plan. Simulating behavior of each piranha hangar base according to hull construction and specific loads.This procedure was very interested since I learned new things related to vessels . For this activity I was supported by Eng. Y who is a Naval Engineer from the National Navy and he really taught me a lot about this subject, we use a special software that LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME simulated vessel behavior according to its own weight, tide level, bilge and ballast tank level and specific conditions that could affect hangar base stability. 6. 2 MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES : Controlling execution budget. Controlling project progress and project schedule.Controlling reports that were required by ZZZ, such as daily reports, Man hour report. Writing and preparing submissions of materials, equipment or procedures which must be submitted to ZZZ and must have its approval. It was a key issue since ZZZ approval took about 30 days and activity could not be started if all the related submittals were not approved. So, any mistake or delay on this activity could significantly affect the progress of the project. Calculating and supporting payment request. Attending meetings requested by client, in order to support project and its progress to ZZZ.Defining and requesting to human resources department required labor to work on site. 7. Eventhough assembly on site was easier than the one that we had planned; there was a problem with the structure designed and built to maneuver steel modules into the water. At the beginning this structure was composed by steel truss and pulleys; however due to weather reasons we required a fast method; so I proposed and built a series of roller boards which were fabricated on AC SCH 40 pipe which was the only strength material available on-site at this stage of the project. It was a good idea.The success of this project was due in part to the rainy season as water level had significantly increased, and so steel modules LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME were close to low-lying land, reducing transportation and handling distance of big steel modules from work area to river. SUMMARY 9. For the successful execution of this project it was important to have create and maintain good team work. Since this project included different fields of engineering and it was mandatory to have positive communication between site engineer, subcontractors and specialists in order to avoid any mistake. The entire roject was performed and completed amidst a healthy working environment. 10. The pr oject was very interesting because it required technical and managerial abilities . It was a personal challenge because it was my first project not only with the company but also with the ZZZ. They have a quality system that really does not make many mistakes and they also have documentation systems and procedures that takes time and cannot be underestimated during the planning process. 11. Our proposal was the best for them; I think that they had some doubts about air transportation and assembly on site of prefabricated modules.Thus, at the beginning, they were extremely dedicated to this project and when they realized that the entire hull was floating on the river, they were proud of their decision. Project fulfilled ZZZ requirements; it was given additional execution time since it was an unexpected rainy season. 12. I think that my role contributed to the project, since I was in charge of key activities and any mistake could dramatically influence the project and its objectives. I realized that I have leadership abilities and that projects could seem complicated but when a project has drawings, specs,LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME a good quality control system and good team work anything is possible. This project was also interesting because it had special equipment that had to be bought in the USA; there was an armor steel plate that was bought in Peru so I learned how to do international purchases and nationalization procedures. 13. In addition, I had to constantly coordination with other departments and gave technical support to the site team, duties that were new to me. It was an important episode in my career and has helped to develop my knowledge base, experience, skills and confidence.LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME CAREER EPISODE No. 2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FOR MIDNIGHT EXPRESS FACILITIES Place – Colombia INTRODUCTION 1. This episode is related to my job as Project Manager and Quality control Manager for the design and construction f or midnight express facilities at Place (Colombia), which is a Pacific coast city. 2. This project was executed by XXX, the Company which I worked for, and the Contractor was ZZZ. This project took place from July 2006 to March 2007. BACKGROUND 3.The first main objective of this project was to provide, at pier zone, fuel, electricity and water to midnight express patrol boats. Fuel was provided from two storage tanks 5000 gallons ea. located at 984, 25 feet away from pier location. Electricity had to be taken from a generator set located at the same distance and water was taken from a storage tank located at 1. 640,42 feet away from pier. These pipelines had to be underground and at pier zone they had to be anchored to concrete structure and protected against sun and bumps.Second objective was to install infrastructure necessary to install a jet dock system which is a floating dock system that works according to tide level of fluctuating waters. This floating dock was 45,93 feet len gth per 29,53 feet width and was composed by cubes of surface area of 20†³ x 20†³ (500mm x 500mm) , 14 pounds (6. 4 kgs) weight, and over 200 pounds (90 kgs) of buoyancy. The cube was air filled (basically a rigid, hollow compartment) with a wall thickness of approximately ? † (6mm). LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME . In order to accomplish this second objective, a special design was created since this jet dock system had to be anchored to existing concrete piles which were not totally aligned with Y-axis nor designed to loads and movements transferred by floating dock and midnight express boats. 5. It is important to note that at this Pacific area, tide levels vary from 1 to 19,69 feet daily; this data was obtained by using Marina records and by doing measurements each hour during six months which were recorded and analyzed in excel.So it was very difficult and complex to design a system that worked according to this tide level variation and that were strong enoug h to support wave forces and directions. 6. In addition, infrastructure included a floating steel platform that was moved according to tide level and that was used as pedestrian access to the jet dock floating platform. It was necessary to design and built a fiber glass floating unit that was used as guide to the steel platform. At the existing pier, there were installed two dockside pillars which supplied electrical energy and water to midnight xpress boats. Fuel was supplied by two fuel pumps. 7. The scope of this Contract had two main activities: Design and Construction. This kind of contracts with ZZZ is very important and requires special attention from Contractor Company. Design procedures have three submittals: Submittion #1: 50% Design submission Submittion #2: 90% Design submission and 100% Design submission Each one of these documents must be submitted to ZZZ in order to have their approval . This approval takes 30 calendar days, and no work on siteLAST NAME: FIRST NAME: M IDDLE NAME can be started if final submittal has not been approved; thus, any mistake in these documents will carry out a delay on execution time. PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 8. At the Design and Construction stage my job position was Project Manager and Quality Control Manager and I was in charge of representing the company during project execution, approving or disapproving executed activities, preparing and submitting payment request, Maintaining updated submission register, preparing and signing daily report .If any work had not been performed according to specs and/or technical code I had authority to reject the work and to define corrective actions. 9. I also coordinated and supervised the Project, assured that the work was properly scheduled, assured that costs were being properly controlled and maintained and an efficient safety program was in place. 10. The Design team was composed by a Structural Engineer, an Electrical engineer and me.I was in charge of this team and I coordinated and supervised their work. I also designed hydraulic network and environmental system. I was an active member of this team and my work was reported directly to Eng. W, who is the general manager of the Company. Once specific design had been done by each external specialist, I reviewed those and if requirements were fulfilled, I prepared design submissions, which included drawings, calculations and specs and submitted it to ZZZ for their revision and approval .These specs were done using SpecsIntact program, which is an specialized software created by ZZZ to edit and create technical specs according to scope and conditions of specific project. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME 11. In order to do environmental design I first defined two main criteria. 1) The not treated water quality and 2) the use of treated water and required quality. 12. For determining water quality I based my analysis on lab results for well located near the project area.And for the second aspect and according to specs the required treated water quality was determined based on the following uses: †¢ †¢ †¢ Water not apt for drinking Water apt for human contact: Activities where human skin came in contact water Fresh water washes activities to retire marine salt from non sensible materials that do not require being washes with demineralized, distillate water or with more physical and chemical quality than potable water. 13. After these criteria had been defined ,treatment plant capacity was calculated based on the estimated operation flow, maximum 0. lps, storage volume of 1000 gls (according to SOW), and critical conditions or maximum consumption; the storage volume would be consumed in 1. 75 hours. I determined that the well must supply the consumed water at the same rate, which is 0. 6 lps, to assure water supply at all times. Thus, I selected a treatment plant of 0. 6 lps. 14. According to the water quality expected and its final use, the treatment to be used i ncluded the following processes: †¢ †¢ †¢ Ventilation1 ventilation tray set Flocculation and Coagulation :1 coagulation and flocculation tank Sedimentation1 sedimentation tank LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME 4. The Hydraulic design was done using the Hazen-Williams equation with a roughness coefficient C = 150 for PVC pipes and according to the International Plumbing Code 2003. It was not difficult to develop the networks design due to all of the input parameters were known, so it was make the calculations according to the design process and fulfilling the international standards requirements. 15. The challenge for this project was to design a system easy to assembly and guarantee that materials would resist sea environment and fluctuating water forces. Works must be performed on the sea and on a rainy season.For these reasons materials and procedures had to be carefully selected, reviewed and approved. 16. By analyzing information given by surveying methods, exist ing piles were not aligned; they did not have a common axis . Thus, in order to prevent damage in jet dock system, it was mandatory to create something that fixed the jet dock guides in the same X and Y axis. Since the jet dock system required poles to let floating board to move according to tide level, I thought that it would be a good idea if these poles had horizontal members as long as it was required to absorb X-Y axis variations.To achieve this purpose, I suggested steel guide poles, instead of PVC guide poles which were recommended by Jet Dock supplier; in addition, this material would guarantee a stronger structure, able to support wave forces. 17. At the bottom section, these guide poles were fixed to existing concrete pier by fabricated steel clamps plate 1/8â€Å"(height= 1,6404 feet) jointed with O1† screws and at top section they were anchored to existing concrete pier beam by using adhesive mortar for rebar and anchor LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME fastening s.These guide poles and their supports were prefabricated and preassembled at Bogota, Colombia. 18. On site it was difficult to install these guide poles, since their length was 22,97 feet, tide level would be, as minimum one meter above guide pole anchor system. Thus, this anchorage activity had to be performed with specialized diving people that guarantee that screws were installed according to Torque requirements. 19. It was an interesting experience because, even though it was an easy project, there were many difficulties that could influence the overall quality of final product.Thus, it was necessary to have good specialists for each field. In addition, on site was a senior engineer who had great experience regarding coastal projects, so his knowledge was very useful in solving specific problematic on-site details. SUMMARY 20. I learned new things which related to projects surrounding coastal environments. Overall, in order to do the job properly, a number of variables had to b e considered. 21. All the construction procedures were defined throughout design activities; since I did not have knowledge about ea water behavior and how waves and tides can impact in an on shore project, it was interesting to find that my proposed ideas were accepted without hesitation. Since I was in charge of key activities and any mistakes could affect the project, I worked effectively and diligently to ensure the smooth completion of the project and to ensure client satisfaction. The ZZZ and YYY were satisfied with the project and the installed equipment. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME CAREER EPISODE No. 3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION FOR CONCRETE RECYCLING SYSTEM Bogota, Cundinamarca – Colombia INTRODUCTION 1.This episode is based on my experience as Project Manager for the project related to the construction of infrastructure required at a concrete recycling system RRR ® at Precast Concrete Plant COMPANY at Bogota, Colombia. This project was executed by XXX, the Com pany which I worked for, and the Contractor was COMPANY which is a National Precast Concrete Manufacturer. This construction project took place from December 2007 to March 2008. BACKGROUND 2. Precast concrete plant required an integral solution to solve the final disposal of residual concrete . They did not have space nor adequate treatment for this material.In addition, the concrete plant did not have a drainage system so rain water got mixed with wash water and water produced by daily operation and maintenance of proper equipment and concrete mixers. This water used to be accumulated at lowest areas creating different environmental and operational problems, such as floods, visual and soil pollution. Due to these conditions, COMPANY decided to install a recycling RRR ® system, which offered the complete solution not only for reclaiming aggregates and cementitious water for reuse in the production process but also for treating excess water.LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME 3. A r ecycling system provides a closed loop system and consists of a reclaimer and a system to reuse the water. With a recycling system the sand and aggregates as well as the greywater are reused in the batch plant. There was no material leftover to dispose of and therefore a zero discharge solution. 4. This water is treated in a way that enables clear water to be available after the process and can then be used within the factory . The accruing sludge can be used in the batch plant to provide a closed loop system. 5.The objective for this project was to build several civil works such , Rigid pavement including granular as :Reinforced concrete tanks for storage of clarified and greywater, foundation for RRR ® equipment layers, potable water network , electrical network, drainage system and environmental works like grease / oil trap and sand trap treatment . 6. As project manager, my work was supervised by Eng. M who is the owner of the company and I reported every subject related to pr oject performance to him and the general manager of the Precast Concrete Company.PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 7. At the beginning of the project we had a general drawing given by RRR ® system supplier. This drawing was a layout drawing that indicated general dimensions / distances and water and electrical supply network requirements. The first activity that I had to do was locating RRR ® infrastructure inside the general layout of the concrete plant which had existing facilities including cement and aggregates bins, office building, warehouse and a maintenance shop. Thus, I had to define a RRR ® LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME ystem location analyzing existing facilities and parameters like flooding areas, maneuver distances and turn radius. 8. After the suggested location was approved by Client, it was mandatory to improve draft drawings given by machine supplier. Therefore, the second activity was to define maneuver area, pavement slope, drainage system location and grea se/oil trap and sand trap treatment location. Once these criteria had been defined by me and approved by the general manager of the Precast Concrete Company ,I designed each one of these items . . For designing a drainage system I analyzed two main water sources; rain water which was calculated by using Rational method and wash water which was calculated by direct measurement and according to number of loaded cars per day. For Rainfall intensity I used pluviometric Record located at the project area. Since water had sediments, I designed a system based on reinforced concrete open channel in order to facilitate maintenance operations. Q: c: i: A: Flow (m3/sec) Runoff coefficient Rainfall Intensity (m/sec) Catchment Area (m2)Q = c ? i ? A Rational Method 10. To design grease / oil trap I used flow calculated in previous stage and used a retention period of 20 mins which is the one suggested by National code for Hydro sanitary Activities (RAS) . 9. The company for whom I worked, starte d the construction of the project according to design drawings. I supervised each activity and ensured performance was carried out in accordance with drawing specifications given by RRR ®, who was the equipment supplier. I alsoLAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME Coordinated and supervised the Project performance, Assured that the work was properly scheduled and that costs were being properly controlled. 10. My work fulfilled project requirement. This could clearly be noted when equipment and recycling systems arrived from Germany. Everything meant my requirements and the installation process went smoothly. Drainage and treatment system were an integral solution to existing water problems reducing flooding areas. 11.Throughout project execution it was not technical difficulties, assembly on site was easy and there no were required any extra works or any modification SUMMARY 12. For the execution of this project it was very important to have good client communication. Positive team w ork transpired throughout the entire project and this and this affirmed and aided the constructive client communication. Overall I believe I was a good project manager, both from the client perspectives and from the workers perspective. 13.The project was a success and I believe that success was and is a reflection of my capabilities. The project was very interesting because it required technical and managerial abilities. It was a personal challenge because it was the first recycling system in my country. There was little technical expertise and know how available to assist me and few knowledgeable people to go to for advice. I had to use my own initiative to get the job done successfully. LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: MIDDLE NAME 14. I think this project has been one of the biggest challenges of my professional career thus far.I had to develop an important design project in a short time and without previous experiences about RRR system. In addition I had to constantly coordinate with othe r departments and give technical support to the site team, duties that were new to me. It was an important episode in my career and has enabled me to gain much knowledge as I had little previous experience in many of the areas I encountered. This project enabled me to further my professional knowledge base, expand my technical expertise and develop my managerial capabilities.